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In simple terms, avalanches occur when layers of snow are overcome by the forces of gravity and slide down hill. Sometimes, the full depth of the snow pack will come unstuck from the mountain side, other times just some layers of snow will be released. This article will give a brief overview of some of the most common types of avalanche, but remember, regardless of the size shape, of type avalanche, they are all generally best avoided!
Different slope angles and aspects will give rise to characteristically different avalanches, however, it is the type of snow and how it is bonded together that will affect how it is held together and subsequently released.
Slab Avalanche
Wind blown snow packs together to form a tight, crusty layer of snow
Point Release Avalanche
Sometimes spontaneous releases, other times triggered by falling rocks, cornice collapse etc..
Full Depth Avalanche
Where the snow pack is not fully bonded to the mountain side: for example where the underlying terrain is smooth rock or even grassy slopes. These areas often avalanche regularly each year and may be mentioned in guide books.
Air Borne Avalanche
Often associated with big powder avalanches on steep terrain. The size and speed of the avalanche cause it to become airborne as it descends.
